{"id":1975,"date":"2023-05-15T00:17:07","date_gmt":"2023-05-14T21:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/?p=1975"},"modified":"2023-05-15T00:17:07","modified_gmt":"2023-05-14T21:17:07","slug":"institutiile-de-credit-in-romania-infiintare-si-functionare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/institutiile-de-credit-in-romania-infiintare-si-functionare\/","title":{"rendered":"Institutiile De Credit In Romania \u2013 Infiintare Si Functionare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Ce sunt institutiile de credit?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Institu\u021biile de credit sunt entit\u0103\u021bi care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bi de atragere a depozitelor sau a altor fonduri rambursabile de la public precum \u0219i opera\u021biuni de acordare de credite \u00een cont propriu.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, \u00een categoria institu\u021biilor de credit \u00eentr\u0103 \u0219i entit\u0103\u021bile care emit mijloace de plata electronice.<\/p>\n<p>Institu\u021biile de credit care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bi \u00een Rom\u00e2nia sunt persoane juridice rom\u00e2ne care apartin urm\u0103toarelor categorii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>b\u0103nci;<\/li>\n<li>organiza\u021bii cooperatiste de credit;<\/li>\n<li>b\u0103nci de economisire \u0219i creditare \u00een domeniul locativ;<\/li>\n<li>b\u0103nci de credit ipotecar;<\/li>\n<li>institu\u021bii emitente de moneda electronic\u0103.sau sucursale ale unor institu\u021bii de credit persoane juridice str\u0103ine, din state ter\u021be sau statemembre ale Uniunii Europene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Actele normative care guverneaza infiintarea si functionarea institutiilor de credit sunt <strong>Legea 31\/1900<\/strong> privind societ\u0103\u021bile comerciale \u0219i <strong>OG 99\/2006<\/strong> privind institu\u021biile de credit \u0219i adecvarea capitalului.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Care este forma de organizare a unei institutii de credit?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Forma de constituire este aceea a <strong><u>societ\u0103\u021bilor comerciale pe ac\u021biuni<\/u><\/strong>, iar func\u021bionarea lor este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de existen\u021ba unei autoriz\u0103ri \u00een acest sens, autoriza\u021bie emis\u0103 de Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Care sunt etapele infiintarii unei institutii de credit?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cenfiin\u021barea unei societ\u0103\u021bi bancare prevede obligativitatea parcurgerii a dou\u0103 etape:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>constituirea societ\u0103\u021bii de credit<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>autorizarea func\u021bionarii institutiei de credit<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aprobarea constituirii unei societ\u0103\u021bi de credit se realizeaz\u0103 de c\u0103tre Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei, \u0219i nu este o garan\u021bie a autoriz\u0103rii func\u021bionarii societatii \u00een cauza.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Care sunt conditiile desfasurarii activitatii institutiilor de credit?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Institutiile de credit din Romania isi pot incepe si desfasura activitatea dupa obtinerea autorizatiei de la Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei. In vederea ob\u021binerii autoriza\u021biei, institutiile de credit trebuie s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 o serie de condi\u021bii pe care intr-un foarte scut rezumat le redam mai jos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>capitalul<\/li>\n<li>conditii impuse actionarilor, la constituire,<\/li>\n<li>organul de conducere<\/li>\n<li>sediul institutiei de credit<\/li>\n<li>respectarea regulilor impuse prin actele normative relevante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><u>Capitalul ini\u021bial<\/u><\/strong> al institu\u021biei de credit nu poate fi mai mic dec\u00e2t <u>echivalentul \u00een lei<\/u> a <strong>5 milioane de euro<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Conditii impuse actionarilor<\/u><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>La <strong><u>constituire capitalul<\/u> social<\/strong> al unei institu\u021bii de credit, persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103 <strong><u>trebuie v\u0103rsat integral \u0219i \u00een numerar la momentul subscrierii<\/u><\/strong>, inclusiv \u00een cazul major\u0103rii acestuia, <u>f\u0103r\u0103 a fi permise aporturile \u00een natur\u0103<\/u>. Ac\u021biunile pot fi numai <strong><u>nominative<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>De vasemenea, structura ac\u021bionariatului este un element esential in obtinerea autorizatiei de functionare. <u>Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei trebuie s\u0103 fie informat\u0103 cu privire la identitatea ac\u021bionarilor sau membrilor care de\u021b\u00een direct sau indirect participa\u021bii calificate la institu\u021biilor de credit<\/u>, d<u>ar \u0219i cu privire la valoarea acestor participa\u021bii<\/u>. Scopul b\u0103ncii centrale este de a se asigura c\u0103 institu\u021bia de credit dezvolt\u0103 un management prudent \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tos.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong><u>Conducerea operativ\u0103<\/u><\/strong> a unei institu\u021bii de credit este asigurat\u0103 de <strong><u>cel pu\u021b\u00een dou\u0103 persoane<\/u><\/strong>, <u>care au experien\u021b\u0103 adecvat\u0103 \u00een exercitarea responsabilit\u0103\u021bilor specifice activit\u0103\u021bii financiar- bancare<\/u>. <strong><u>Activitatea<\/u><\/strong> institu\u021biei de credit trebuie s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare p<strong><u>reponderent pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei<\/u><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Sediul social sau dup\u0103 caz sediul real<\/u><\/strong> al institu\u021biei de credit persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 fie situat pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei. <strong>Sediul real reprezint\u0103 loca\u021bia \u00een care se situeaz\u0103 centrul de conducere \u0219i gestiune a activit\u0103\u021bii statutare<\/strong>, \u00een cazul \u00een care nu este acela\u0219i cu sediul social<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Respectarea stricta a tuturor regulilor de functionare<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Ce presupune autorizarea unei institutii de credit<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a putea functiona, o institutie de credit trebuie sa indeplineasca diverse conditii legale in vederea autorizarii functionarii sale.<\/p>\n<p>Banca Na\u0163ional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei stabile\u015fte prin reglement\u0103ri condi\u0163iile \u00een care poate acorda autoriza\u0163ie \u015fi documenta\u0163ia care trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenso\u0163easc\u0103 cererea pentru ob\u0163inerea autoriza\u0163iei.<\/p>\n<p>Intre competentele pe care le are cu privire la autorizarea institutiilor de credit, Banca Na\u0163ional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei analizeaza si evalueaza toate circumstan\u0163ele \u015fi informa\u0163iile legate de activitatea, reputa\u0163ia, integritatea morala \u015fi de experien\u0163a persoanelor din conducerea societatii \u015fi decide dac\u0103, at\u00e2t la nivel individual, c\u00e2t \u015fi la nivel colectiv, cerin\u0163ele legale sunt \u00eendeplinite.<\/p>\n<p>Membrii consiliului de administra\u0163ie \u015fi directorii sau, dup\u0103 caz, membrii consiliului de supraveghere \u015fi ai directoratului trebuie s\u0103 dispun\u0103, la nivel colectiv, de cuno\u015ftin\u0163e, aptitudini \u015fi experien\u0163\u0103 adecvate pentru a fi \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u0163eleag\u0103 activit\u0103\u0163ile desf\u0103\u015furate de institu\u0163ia de credit, inclusiv principalele riscuri ale acestora.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce sunt institutiile de credit? Institu\u021biile de credit sunt entit\u0103\u021bi care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bi de atragere a depozitelor sau a altor fonduri rambursabile de la public precum \u0219i opera\u021biuni de acordare de credite \u00een cont propriu. De asemenea, \u00een categoria institu\u021biilor de credit \u00eentr\u0103 \u0219i entit\u0103\u021bile care emit mijloace de plata electronice. Institu\u021biile de credit care [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[66,71,70,74,75,65,73,76,72,69,67,68],"class_list":["post-1975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-corporation-business","tag-acordare-de-credite","tag-aprobarea-constituirii-unei-societati-de-credit","tag-autorizarea-functionarii-institutiei-de-credit","tag-capitalul-initial","tag-ce-presupune-autorizarea-unei-institutii-de-credit","tag-ce-sunt-institutiile-de-credit-institutiile-de-credit","tag-conditii","tag-conditii-legale-in-vederea-autorizarii-functionarii-sale","tag-conditiile-desfasurarii-activitatii-institutiilor-de-credit","tag-constituirea-societatii-de-credit","tag-mijloace-de-plata-electronice-institutii-emitente-de-moneda-electronica-sucursale-ale-unor-institutii-de-credit","tag-societatilor-comerciale-pe-actiuni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1975"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1975\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legality.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}